The World Health Organization reports that the number of people exposed to extreme heat has increased exponentially due to climate change, with June 2024 marking the 13th consecutive month of record-breaking global temperatures. In the United States, the impact of rising temperatures has been particularly severe, as 32 million people across California, Texas, and Nevada endured the hottest summer ever recorded in the country in 2023. As these extreme weather events become more frequent, understanding and preventing heat-related illnesses has become increasingly crucial.
Centre for Neuro Skills (CNS), a leading provider of traumatic and acquired brain injury rehabilitation services, has stepped forward to offer essential guidance on heat stroke prevention. Dr. Gary Seale, Regional Director of Clinical Services at CNS, emphasizes the severity of heat stroke, describing it as the most serious of all heat-related illnesses. "Heat stroke occurs when the body is no longer able to regulate temperature and cool down," Dr. Seale explains. "Body temperatures can rise rapidly to 104 degrees or higher which can cause damage to organs, including the brain, and result in permanent disability."
The consequences of heat stroke can be severe and long-lasting. Dr. Seale notes that it can cause brain swelling, seizures, and lead to chronic inflammation, all of which disrupt brain function. This underscores the importance of taking preventive measures, especially for those at higher risk. CNS outlines several key strategies to avoid heat stroke. These include dressing in lightweight, loose-fitting clothing, applying sunscreen to prevent sunburn and help keep the body cool, and staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water while avoiding sugary or alcoholic drinks. The organization also advises limiting outdoor activities during peak heat hours and taking frequent breaks in cooler environments when outside is necessary.
Certain groups are particularly vulnerable to heat-related illnesses. Children under 4 years old, adults over 65, individuals with conditions or medications that affect temperature regulation, and those clinically classified as obese are at higher risk. It's crucial for these individuals and their caregivers to be especially vigilant during periods of extreme heat. Recognizing the symptoms of heat stroke is vital for prompt intervention. These can include a high body core temperature, flushed skin, dizziness, loss of consciousness, rapid heart rate, difficulty breathing, muscle cramps, seizures, vomiting, and diarrhea.
If someone shows signs of heat stroke, immediate medical attention is necessary. While waiting for help, it's important to move the person to a cool environment, remove unnecessary clothing, and apply ice packs or cool water to their skin. As global temperatures continue to rise, the risk of heat-related illnesses is likely to increase. Public awareness and education about prevention strategies and early recognition of symptoms are crucial in mitigating the health impacts of extreme heat. By following the guidelines provided by organizations like Centre for Neuro Skills, individuals can take proactive steps to protect themselves and their loved ones from the dangers of heat stroke and other heat-related illnesses.
